КАТЕГОРИЯ ПРОТИВОПОЛОЖНОСТЬ В АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ - Иностранные языки - Скачать бесплатно
Heavy – light
His head felt empty, light as air; his feet were heavy as lead.
Ignorance–knowledge
The journey from ignorance to knowledge of an individual student may
remain a unique series of events whilst being controlled by a set of fixed
rules.
Left – right
Dora paid grocery bills right and left for two years.
Loathe – love
If a man and woman sinned, let them go for into the desert to love or
loathe each other there.
Lose – win
Win or lose – nothing worse for public life than private ruction.
Never – now
This overmastering wish of this – for its fulfilment it was now or
never with him!
War – peace
I do not claim that, even today, the issues of right and wrong, of war
and peace are so clear to everyone as they were in my special
circumstances.
Pleasure – sorrow
Whether from pleasure or from sorrow, great tears fell from my stupid
eyes on Lorna’s letter.
Private – public
Yet, Monseigneur had slowly found that vulgar embarrassment crept into
his affairs, both private and public.
Rise – sink
Martin sank or rose to Clif’s buoyancy, while Clif rose or sank to
Martin’s speculativeness.
Ancient – modern
“That’s the modern views, anyway,” – “According to report the ancient
one too.”
Annoy – please
He began to believe she might be in love with him and the thought was
both pleasing and annoying.
Artificial – natural
He made the most dismal sounds i’ve ever heard produced by any means,
natural or artificial.
Blessing – curse
Still, as i see it, marriage is a very sacred thing and children are a
blessing – not a curse.
Comedy – tragedy
Old – young
The sole is born old but grows young. That is the comedy of life. And
the body is born young and grows old. That is life’s tragedy.
Ashamed – proud
I know what love means now, and instead of being ashamed of, i’m proud
of it.
Fast – slow
They sent me down a succession of compact, 9 boys who used to go fast
when i wanted to go slow, and slow when i wanted to go fast.
Giant – pigmy
“So you think your friend in the city will be hard upon me, if i fail
a payment?” – says the trooper, looking down upon him like a giant. “My
dear friend, i am afraid he will,” – returns the old man looking up at him
like a pigmy.
Open – close
Maida opened ii just wide enough for me to enter, then closed it again
quickly.
Question – answer
“A lot of nice one, eh?” – said Maida, she had the local habit of
placing the word “eh” at the end of her remarks, questions and answers
alike.
Young – old
Kathleen was a little younger then me, but looked much older.
Man – woman
“I’ll say, man” – said Isa, for she also used the common currency,
adding “man” to most of the statements she addressed to man and woman
alike.
Black – white
I have no objection to sit down and listen, but i don’t see how than
can make black white.
Boy – girl
“Thomas, if it’s a boy,” – she said “after my uncle. But if it’s a
girl i’d like something fancy for a first name.”
More – less
But she kept eyeing Henry with interest, and the reproachful tone was
more or less a routine affair.
Come – go
The hell with the money: come easy go easy.
Clean – dirty
She didn’t simply look clean, she looked as if she had never been
dirty.
Lie – truth
And remember, the truth, however ashamed of it you may be, is better
than any lie.
With - without
We must not think of the things we could do with but only of the
things that we can’t do without.
Love – money
Dehn, son – in – law, who had married Pamela – whether for love or
money was never quite clear to the widow.
Here – there
There were ships of mail standing like ghosts in armour, here and
there.
Near – far
Near, far wherever you are, i believe that the heart does go on.
Вторая группа антонимов, аффиксальных, образуется при помощи
отрицательных префиксов: un -, который предает глаголу противоположное
значение, существительным, прилагательным и наречиям – отрицательное
значение не; без; in -; (il -; im -; ir -;); dis -, который предает слову
отрицательное значение, указывает на лишение чего – либо, указывает на
разделение, рассеивание в разные стороны; и отрицательного суффикса –less,
который предает слову отрицательное значение..
Аффиксальные антонимы:
Willing – unwilling
Gordon had made Smith an easy partner in these thefts, not willing and
unwilling, but simply an assumed partner.
Willing – done, given, etc. readily or enthusiastically.
Unwilling – not wanted to do something.
В значении слова unwilling содержится отрицательная частица NOT,
которая является элементом образования антонимов, поэтому данные слова
являются антонимами.
Happy – unhappy
“Sue, i believe you are not happy…” – “Of course, i am!” – she
contracted. “How can a woman be unhappy who has only been married eight
weeks to a man she chose freely?”
Happy – fortunate, lucky.
Unhappy – unfortunate; that is or should be regarded.
Значение слова unhappy содержит отрицательное слово unfortunate,
которое образовалось от fortunate+un, который предает слову отрицательное
значение, поэтому данные слова являются антонимами.
Honest – dishonest
This man Steuer fancied that he was dishonest, and that he,
Mallenhauer, was honest.
Honest – telling the truth; not lying.
Dishonest – not honest.
Значение слова dishonest содержит отрицательную частицу NOT, которая
является элементом образования антонимов, поэтому данные слова будут
антонимами.
Approve – disapprove
Who am i to approve or disapprove?
Approve – to feel or believe that somebody/something is good,
acceptable or satisfactory.
Disapprove – to consider somebody/something to be bad, wrong, foolish.
Значения данных слов содержат противоположные семы good и bad, поэтому
эти слова являются антонимами.
Dependent - independent
We’re all really dependent in nearly everything and we make a fuss
about being independent in something.
Dependent – needing somebody/something in order to live or survive.
Independent – not dependent on other people or thing.
Значение слова independent содержит отрицательную частицу NOT, которая
является элементом образования антонима, поэтому данные слова являются
антонимами.
Human – inhuman
Like – dislike
“But why do you like markets and dislike stories?” – “Because markets
are human and stories inhuman.”
Human – kind, good.
Inhuman – lacking normal human qualities of kindness, pity, etc,
extremely cruel.
Значения данных слов содержат противоположные семы good и cruel,
поэтому эти слова являются антонимичной парой.
Legal – illegal
They rallied the Negro people and their allies against the lynches,
legal and illegal.
Legal – of, based on or concerned with the law.
Illegal – against the law; not legal.
Значение слова illegal содержится отрицательная частица NOT, которая
является элементом образования антонимов, поэтому данные слова будут
антонимами.
Visible – invisible
In the see there are more things invisible, than visible.
Visible – that can be seen; in sight.
Invisible – that cannot be seen; not visible.
Значение слова visible содержит отрицательную частицу NOT, которая
является элементом образования антонимов, поэтому данные слова являются
антонимами.
Regular – irregular
But these footsteps were so odd that one couldn’t decide them regular
or irregular.
Regular – done or happening often, frequently.
Irregular – not happening, coming, done, etc. regular, varying.
Значение слова irregular содержит отрицательную частицу NOT, которая
является элементом образования антонимов, поэтому данные слова будут
антонимами.
Coloured – uncoloured
On those walls, wherever the eye roved, were prints coloured and
uncoloured, old and new, depicting the sports of racing and prize –
fighting.
Tied – untied
People get tied up, and sometimes they stay tied – because they want
to stay or because they haven’t the will power to break or others become
untied and make a new start.
Engage – disengage
“How soon will you be disengaged?” “I didn’t say you i was engaged.”
Explicable – inexplicable
The proposal was monstrous, inexplicable or explicable only by the
assumption that his mind, while not unhinged, had temporarily lost its
balance.
Filial – unfilial
“I have seen a good deal of what is filial in my times, Sir,” said
Mould, “and what is unfilial too.”
Inside – outside
And also, he expected that the management demanded of all boys that
they look well outside as well as inside the hotel.
Just – unjust
The A.F. of L. port leaders, as loyal servitors of capitalism,
unquestionable support all wars, just or unjust, declared by the capitalist
class and its government.
Kindness – unkindness
Clare thanked Sir Willoughby for the kindness thinking of her father,
mentally analising the kindness, in which at least she found no unkindness,
scarcely egoism, though she knew it to be true.
Latching – unlatching
The German major looked obliquely at Yetes, his slender fingers
latching and unlatching.
Lock – unlock
None went near them, either to lock or unlock.
Able – unable
“Suppose i am unable to do the job?” – “Then you wouldn’t be able to
cash the note.”
Active inactive
The cumulative effect of merely remaining inactive when one ought to
be active was terrible.
Adequate – inadequate
To pull is to exert a drawing force whether adequate or inadequate; as
the fish pull on the line, as dentist pulls a tooth.
Advantages– disadvantages
Only much later did Tony attempt to sum up the advantages and
disadvantages of his upbringing.
Appearing – disappearing
He had a talent for appearing when he was not wanted, and a talent for
disappearing when he was wanted.
Audible – inaudible
Little audible links, they are chaining together great inaudible
feelings and purposes.
Aware – unaware
If the American was too aware of himself, then this Russian was too
unaware of himself.
Believe – disbelieve
I am neutral. I don’t believe in ghosts but i don’t disbelieve in
them.
Calculable – incalculable
All is capria; the calculable world has become incalculable.
Clasp – unclasp
As they rode – in complete silence for a while – he hands clasped and
unclasped definitely.
Сlinch – unclinch
They swayed back clinched together against the gate; then both, as if
struck by the same idea unclinched and raised their fists.
Concerned – unconcerned
It concerned her in some way, but she herself was unconcerned, and she
slid without effort into the position of mistress of the farm.
Decisive – indecisive
Katherine admired him for it and would always choose him in his
decisive moments in preference to an indecisive MacGregor.
Democratic– undemocretic
Of course, there are different forms of capitalist rule. There are
constitutional and unconstitutional monarchies, democratic and undemocratic
republics, personal, military and fascist dictatorships.
Do – undo
What’s done can’t be undone.
Emotional – unemotional
A shrewed observer might have remarked that the emotional temperature
rather rose at so unemotional interruption.
Encourage – discourage
Thus, the editorial sought to encourage fascist elements in the
community and to discourage all who might fear violence.
Worthiness – unworthiness
The sense of unworthiness is a guarantee of the worthiness ensuing.
Free – unfree
In fact, she had felt as she still felt neither free nor unfree.
Comprehensible–incomprehensible
“Then mr. Rouncewell,” returns Sir Leicester, “ the application of
what you have said is to me incomprehensible.” – “Will it be more
comprehensible Sir Leicester if i say…”
Heroic – unheroic
He ordered early breakfast, and wanted to look at the newspaper, and
felt somehow heroic and useful in not looking at it. But there were still
crawling and totally unheroic hours of waiting before Dr. Patten returned.
Civilized – uncivilized
Sometimes you think its soft and sometimes sly, and sometimes
murderous, and sometimes uncivilized and all the time it’s only civilized.
Frequently – infrequently
The curtains were always heavy, frequently brown and infrequently red.
Tangible – intagible
And behind this tangible dread there was always that intangible
trouble, lurking in the background.
Pleasant - unpleasant
“Really, Barbara, you go on as if religion was a pleasant subject.” –
“I don’t find it an unpleasant subject, my dear.”
Likes – dislikes
“Things do last,” cried Fleur “with me anyhow – especially likes and
dislikes.”
Humorous – unhumorous
He was becoming like Katherine – planning humorous situations at
unhumorous moments.
Reasonable – unreasonable
Now it seemed one of the most reasonable things in the world that i
should have come, and now one of the most unreasonable.
Morality - immorality
Just as one doesn’t mind men practising immorality so long as they own
they are in the wrong by preaching morality, so i could forgive Andrew for
preaching immorality while practised morality.
Adulterated– unadulterated
My products all fresh, pure unadulterated, stamped and correctly
weighed… We have never adulterated our opium since that day.
Intelligently–unintelligently
Intelligently or unintelligently, i try to follow the line of self –
interest, because as i see it there is no other guide.
Chequered – unchequered
Soams had been her mainstay throughout 34 years chequered by Montegue
Darty, had continued her mainstay in the theirteen unchequered years since.
Capable – incapable
We agreed we were capable of almost anything and we agreed he was
incapable of hurting his master.
Mature – immature
His mind is a mature, not an immature one.
Order - disorder
Well, Clara’s not like you. She belongs to the new order or disorder.
Selfish – unselfish
The love of a mother for the children is dominant, leonine, selfish
and unselfish.
Однако, следует заметить, что не у всех значений одного и того же
слова могут быть антонимы.
Agree – v. Из пяти значений только три имеют антонимы:
1.to say “yes”, ex: I asked for a pay rise and she agreed. – refuse.
2.to have a similar opinion to somebody, ex: I agree with his analysis
of the situation. – disagree.
3.to be consisted with something; to match, ex: You account of the
affair doesn’t agree with hers. – disagree.
Broad – adj. Из восьми значений только одно имеет антоним:
1.large in extent from one side to the other, wide, ex: He’s tall, broad
and muscular. – thin.
Credit – n. Из семи значений только два имеют антонимы: 1.the
state of having money in one’s bank account, ex: I’m about $400 in credit
at the moment. – debit.
2.praise, approval, respect, ex: I can’t
take any of the credit – the others did all the work. – discredit.
Direct – adj. Из четырех значений только одно имеет антоним:
1.exact, complete, ex: That’s the direct opposite of what you told me
yesterday. – indirect.
Full – adj. Из двух значений только одно имеет антоним:
1.containing as much as possible; completely filled, ex: The cupboard was
stuffed full of old newspapers. – empty.
Hard – adj. Из тринадцати значений только три имеют антонимы:
1.stif and solid and not easy bent or broken, ex: Ground made hard by
frost. – soft.
2.not feeling or showing
affection, pity, etc, ex: They exchanged hard words and went the separate
ways. – soft.
3.containing calcium and
other mineral salts , ex: Our water is very hard. – soft.
Order – n. Из четырнадцати значений только два имеют антонимы:
1.the state that exists when people obey the laws, rules or authority, ex:
The police are trying to restore public order. – disorder.
2.the state of being
carefully and neatly arranged, ex: Get your ideas into some kind of order
before beginning to write. – disorder.
Black – adj. Из девяти значений только три имеют антонимы:
1.of the very darkest colour, ex: A big black cloud appeared. – white.
2.without milk, ex: Two black
coffees, please. – white.
3.of a race that has dark skin, ex: Many black people emigrated to Britain
it the 1950s. – white.
Wet – adj. Из четырех значений только два имеют антонимы:
1.covered or soak with liquid, esp. Water, ex: Her cheeks were wet with
tears. – dry.
2.raining, ex: It was the wettest October for many years. – dry.
Остальные значения этого слова не имеют антонимов:
3.recently applied and not yet dry or set.
4.without energy, strenth or courage.
Active – adj. Из шести значений только два имеют антонимы:
1.doing things; lively, ex: She takes an active part in local politics.
-inactive.
2.of the form of a verb whose subject is the person or thing that performs
the action (grammar), as in He was driving the car and the children have
eaten the cake. – passive.
Advance – v. Из шести значений только два имеют антонимы:
1.to move or put somebody/something forward, ex: He advanced his queen to
threaten his opponent’s king. – refreat.
2.to move an event forward to an earlier date, ex: The date of meeting has
been advanced from 10 to 3 June. – postpone.
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